The Problem Of Climate Change - 1745 Words

Humans are egotistical. They want to make sure that they are noticed and that the attention is focused on them. Of course it happens unintentionally most of the time but, when it does happen it is at the most extreme level. For as long as humans have been on Earth, this and past generations have been destroying our home. Not just by the physical appearance though. All aspects of Earth have been at least altered by humans, including the climate. Climate change is becoming one of the fastest growing problems that the world is facing. Once one thing changes, it causes a ripple effect creating complications for Earth and everything that is part of Earth. If this problem is not fixed soon, the Earth as we know it will be forever changed. One of the biggest problems about the topic of climate change is that people do not understand the meaning of climate change or what problems that it can cause if it is untreated. Firstly, the definition of climate is the change of weather over a period o f time. The confusion of the definitions of weather, global warming and climate are partly to blame for the misunderstanding of what climate actually is. Weather is the daily change of the atmosphere. For example, a change is weather could be considered as a 72 degree day and the following day a thunderstorm. An example of climate would be data showing the rainfall over a period of time and interpreting what the data say. Some data could say that the 2015 year had less rainfall compared toShow MoreRelatedThe Problem Of Climate Change1438 Words   |  6 Pagessplash in the water. However, there is one problem, an action such as driving to the beach front will almost certainly contribute to the destructive effects of climate change. Due to this claim, is it then morally obligatory to not go on this Sunday morning drive in an effort to prevent greenhouse gas emissions? This is the question I would like to address. Each day individuals commit actions of miniscule value that arguably contribute to climate change. Driving a car on a Sunday morning is justRead MoreThe Problem Of Climate Change904 Words   |  4 PagesClimate Change Have you ever wonder that what is our true enemy of the earth? Would what people had done will be alright? If we look at the world crisis now a day, people might know that everywhere around the world the number one problem probably be climate change. In the past, one thousand the world we live never change so much. But what happened is in 5 years we have seen something that is quite difficult to be seen such as earthquake, flood, and hurricane. There is the anger of nature that isRead MoreThe Problem Of Climate Change1188 Words   |  5 Pagesis involved with the climate change in California? Humans, corporations, electricity generators, petroleum refineries facilities, oil and gas production, hydrogen plants, and cogeneration. What part of the country is exactly doing the most damage? Long Beach - Los Angeles, CA. How many people are affected, according to official records? People who are residences in California, are the one who are most affected. Mostly the general people, who i s in the radius of climate change. For example SacramentoRead MoreThe Problem Of Climate Change1075 Words   |  5 Pageswarfare happens it is a huge reason we have lost. According to the fermi paradox we either pass this wall (barrier) or not. I have my conclusion of why we will fail, it is because humans are selfish, hard headed, fool mined incompetent beings. Climate change is the barrier that we don t really have any research on. El ninos and la ninas are the cause. To know El Nià ±o, you need to know the intercoarse between the ocean and the atmosphere. Warm ocean surface water currents heats and adds moistnessRead MoreClimate Change Is A Serious Problem1123 Words   |  5 PagesClimate Change is a Serious Problem to the Planet â€Å"Climate change is happening, humans are causing it, and I think it is perhaps the most serious environmental issue facing us.† This quote from Bill Nye illustrates the serious nature of climate change. Climate change is the most serious issue that is plaguing the world. Global temperatures have been increasing in recent years and it is clear that our climate is changing. Climate change is the change of temperature and weather in our environmentRead MoreClimate Change Is A Serious Problem1028 Words   |  5 PagesHumans will destroy the earth if no one acts. Climate change is a serious problem that has been around for decades. The 21st century is special because of the technology and information available. Yet, people continue to ignore the overwhelming destruction happening to nature. Through many years, masses have begun to take responsibility and restore the planet. In time, the earth might be what it once was. Climate change began in the 1820s with Joseph Fourier and in the 1860s with John Tyndall. FourierRead MoreClimate Change Is Real And A Problem Essay1229 Words   |  5 PagesThe issue is simple and rather obvious; climate change is real and a problem. With a changing climate comes rising sea levels, hotter days, and stronger and wilder storms, and long painful droughts. What most people can’t seem to agree on is whether or not human activity is playing some role in it. From media outlets to internet forums, the debate is being fought on all fronts. Most of these arguments, however, are just personal opinions and poorly-made observations from the comfort of a gas-guzzlingRead MoreProblems Associated With Climate Change1053 Words   |  5 Pages1. What is this report about? It considers threats and impacts associated with climate change could be reduced and handled through mitigation and adaptation. The report evaluates resilience, choices, opportunities, constraints, needs, limits, as well as other features connected with adaptation. Climate change requires shifting probabilities of impacts that are varied with complicated interactions. A focus on danger, which will be not old in this report, complements other aspects of the report andRead MoreClimate Change Is An Ongoing Problem1569 Words   |  7 PagesClimate change is an ongoing problem in our world. There are many health effects, shortage of resources due to energy use, and perhaps more importantly, the detrimental and in some cases irreversible environmental impacts. The climate does change due to natural forces, however; human impacts are the cause of such dramatic change. â€Å"Unless greenhouse gas emissions are severely reduced, climate change could cause a quarter of land animals, birdlife and plants to become extinct† (Weather InformationRead MoreClimate Change Is A Global Problem Essay1336 Words   |  6 PagesAnthropogenic climate change is often considered to be greatest threat currently posed on the world. Climate change fits into the public goods framework in terms of both mitigation and adaptation policy (Boyer 2013). Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions produced by human activity are heavily impacting the climate, and thus creating externalities that are impacting the globe, such as rising global temperatures, increasing extreme weather incidents, and changing weather patterns. These externalities are

The Middle East Conflict - 1598 Words

By the year 1948, there was a massive amount of tension that had built-up in the Middle-East. This tension had in fact originated 19 centuries earlier, and had started due to the differences in both religion and nationalism between the Jews and Arabs. After the Romans gained control of Judea, this caused the diaspora of Jews to all the parts of the world. Eventually, the majority of Jews did return back to the region, after the official establishment of the state of Israel, and this led to the Arab-Israel War of Liberation, in which surrounding Arab states, such as Egypt, Syria, Iraq and Jordan attacked Israel in order to regain this land, which originally belonged to Palestine. The Arabs were defeated, and this increased the nationalism†¦show more content†¦This was seen as a threat to the main shareholders of the canal company, who were Great Britain and France, and this forced them, along with Israel, to attack Egypt, and regain control of the Suez Canal. This therefore l ed to the Arabs thinking that the West (USA, Britain, and France) was actually pro-Zionist, and anti-Arab. As a result of this, Egypt turned to the USSR in order to receive aid, which in turn gave it financial and military backing of the USSR. After the war, the USSR did gain prominence and influence in the region, and in order to counter this effect, the USA imposed the Eisenhower Doctrine, which promised military support to any country in the Middle-East, that felt threatened by Communism in the region. As a result, the Middle-East became the centre of Superpower rivalry between the USA and USSR, which would eventually fuel further wars in the region. Therefore, by 1967, many Arab States had lost faith in Nasser’s ability to defeat Israel. Nasser, at this time, was still receiving a large amount of aid from the USSR. Syria also started receiving aid in the form of weapons from the Soviet Union, and this showed that the Arab states were building up their armies. After receiving ‘information’ from the USSR, that Israel was in fact preparing for the war, the Egyptian and Syrian armies were mobilised into the Sinai Peninsula and Golan Heights respectively. However, it was importantShow MoreRelatedThe Middle East Conflict1125 Words   |  5 PagesThe Middle East Conflict Wynell Henry University of Phoenix Com 156 November 24, 2013 The real differences around the world today are not between Jews and Arabs; Protestants and Catholics; Muslims, Croats, and Serbs. The real differences are between those who embrace peace and those who would destroy it; between those who look to the future and those who cling to the past; between those who open their arms and those who are determined to clench their fists  (William J. ClintonRead MoreThe Conflict Of The Middle East1237 Words   |  5 PagesMany things have occurred throughout history which have impacted the instability in the middle east. World War One, and all of the treaties, alliances, and declarations that came about due to that have affected todays time and the decisions the United States Military makes regarding the issues of the middle east. America has learned a lot from the past, and this has ultimately benefited them in the end. The United States is more able to make educated decisions now because of all the past occurrencesRead MoreThe Conflict Of The M iddle East1773 Words   |  8 Pagescenturies, war in the Middle East has been on a rise. The main cause of war in most of these countries is religion. Everyone wants to fight for their religion and their Gods. The problem is in some religions such as Islamic, they believe when they kill they’re fighting for God, also they believe they will receive 100 virgins and go to heaven when they die. They are not the only religion fighting for their God, however, religions such as Judaism and others also fight. In the Middle East, if there is a warRead MoreConflict Of The Middle East2536 Words   |  11 PagesQuinn O’Leary 4/3/15 Conflict in the Middle East There has almost always been some kind of conflict in the Middle East, from modern conflicts with ISIS, to the long lasting conflicts over Jerusalem with the Palestinians and the Jews. Muslim world has always, in some shape or form, been very complicated. From the Fertile Crescent, to the war on terrorism, they have always played a part in history from good to bad. With only 21% of Muslims being extremist, why are they so powerful and not being overRead MoreThe Conflict Of The Middle East1595 Words   |  7 PagesThe Middle East as a whole is not viewed in a very bright light within the United States, and Iran is no exception. Many Americans view that Iran and it s people are full of hatred for the U.S. and that they all have the same ideology and hatred that their government has shown. What Americans don t know is that this is not the case. Many Iranians are oppressed and resent their government, though they won t outright say it for fear. There are Iranians who resent the U.S. as well, but those IraniansRead MoreMiddle East Conflict Essay859 Words   |  4 Pagesarea known as the Middle East since shifts in global power over the years have affected the topography. Now, however, the region can expansively be said to contain â€Å"the area from Libya E to Afghanistan, usually including Egypt, Sudan, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey, Iraq, Iran, Saudi Arabia, and the other countries of the Arabian peninsula† (dictionary.com). This geographical definition can be said to contain both the ‘Near East’, ‘Middle East’, and even farther to the East and into AfricaRead MoreThe Palestinian Conflict Of The Middle East1654 Words   |  7 PagesIsraeli-Palestinian Conflict The creation of two sovereign states is the only possibility of a peaceful end to the conflict over historical Palestine in the Middle East. To achieve this, a third-party must offer enough incentive to both the Arabic and Jewish states and create a sovereign Palestinian state. This is not a very probable outcome, as the conflict is rooted in the peoples’ traditions and beliefs making it much harder to compromise. I predict this conflict will end in the overwhelmingRead MoreThe Syrian Conflict On The Middle East987 Words   |  4 PagesThe Syrian conflict began with the Arab Spring uprisings against President Bashar al-Assad in 2011 and quickly escalated into a civil war when Assad met peace with force. The Syrian Civil War has since transcended its internal objectives to become the arena for major international power struggles between countries, like Turkey, Iran, and the United States. On September 30, 2015, Russia entered the Syrian crisis on the side of Assad in oppositi on to the United States, who has been supporting the SunniRead MoreThe Syrian Conflict Of The Middle East1336 Words   |  6 Pagessmall in the Middle East being caused by the Western colonizers that colonized the Arab states in the 20th century. Now I defiantly don’t blame the British and French for all of our problems but indeed they are the root cause of some of the problems in the Middle East, and their meddling in the current affairs in the Middle East is adding on to the problems we have and causing new ones erupt. Out of all the problems in the Middle East the Syrian Conflict is one of the most brutal conflicts, thanks toRead MoreThe Middle East Conflict Essay1589 Words   |  7 PagesThe Middle East Conflict The country previously known as Palestine but now as Israel has sparked major military and political confrontations between Arabs and Israelis during the 20th century in the Middle East. The area, which both groups of people claim is rightly their homeland is smaller then Britain, surrounded on the West by the Mediterranean Sea and on the other sides by neighbouring Arab countries. The Israelis believe it is rightly their homeland because

Gods or God Free Essays

1. Mary Lefkowitz responds to the charges by some secular commentators that religion â€Å"‘poisons’ human life and causes endless violence and suffering† by stating that the â€Å"poison isn’t religion; it’s monotheism. † 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Gods or God? or any similar topic only for you Order Now â€Å"Openness to discussion and inquiry† and â€Å"[r]espect for a diversity of viewpoints† are some attitudes that contributed to the Athenian idea of â€Å"the cooperative system of government †¦ called democracy. † 3. The existence of many different gods offers a more reasonable explanation than monotheism of â€Å"the presence of evil and confusion in the world. † A mortal â€Å"may have had the support of one god but incur the enmity of another, who could attack when the patron god was away†; however in the monotheistic traditions, â€Å"God is omnipresent and always good† and â€Å"mortals must take the blame for whatever goes wrong,† even though God permits evil to exist in the world he created. 4. The separation between humankind and the gods made it possible for humans â€Å"to speculate about the character and intentions of the gods. † Greek theology allowed people to ask hard questions and encouraged others to learn and to seek all the possible causes of events. Such questions brought philosophy and science to the world. 5. Lefkowitz writes, â€Å"Ancient Greek religion gives an account of the world that in many respects is more plausible than that offered by the monotheistic traditions. † In this context, â€Å"plausible† seems to mean â€Å"reasonable. † The Greek account may be more â€Å"plausible† because â€Å"Greek theology openly discourages blind confidence based on unrealistic hopes that everything will work out in the end. † 6. Lefkowitz certainly makes an excellent point and I definitely agree with her. Religion today seems to be focused too much on blind belief. Thinking seems to create a healthier environment and some â€Å"healthy skepticism† would definitely be helpful currently in such a stubborn world. How to cite Gods or God?, Papers

Journal Entry – Delivering Contextual Care

Question: What are some of the complexities in identifying a deteriorating patient? Identify, describe and reference an assessment tool that you could use in on your placement to identify deterioration in a patient under your care? Answer: Complexities in identifying a deteriorating patient Hospital patients can experience unexpected physical deterioration that may result in death in majority of the cases. In several acute cases, the deterioration occurs very fast and hence it becomes difficult for the health professionals to detect the symptoms of deterioration (Levett-Jones and Bellchamber, 2012). In case no observations are made for a long period then the health professionals are no able to detect vital changes in a patients health. In cases of patients suffering from cardiopulmonary arrests, the sign of deterioration that occurs 24 hours before the arrest hence the urgency of these types of diseases makes it difficult for the professionals to identify the symptoms (Kelly, 2010). Around 90% of the deteriorations occur due to absence of formal documentation of the observations like temperature and pulse rates, BP, respirations and oxygen intakes. Moreover, the lack of co-operation on the part of the patients especially in case of aged patients may also pose as a barri er to the effective detection of the deterioration symptoms. The complexities generally arise due to environmental and cultural influences, complex relationship between the nurse and the medical staff, experience of the health care professional about the concerned disease symptoms and the quality of training and education given to the medical professionals ( Hlebec, 2012). Assessment of an effective tool for identification of deterioration symptoms in a patient Majority of the hospitals are seen using Early warning score (MEWS) method in order to determine the degree of illness of the patient. This system is based on the monitoring o four important health aspects of each individual namely the blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate and body temperature (Scully, 2012). The observations recorded are compared to the normal rates to generate a combined result, which indicates the present physical status of the patient. If the combined score exceeds 5 then in medical terms the patient is in a critical condition and is suggested to be admitted to an Intensive care unit for emergency monitoring. However, there is no prevailing standard score in this system and the medical institutes tend to vary the same with the varying disease symptoms (Luxford, 2012). The increasing score helps the medical professionals to detect the deterioration symptom in the patient and adopt emergency strategies accordingly. The system also has a single observation pa rameter where if the score of a single parameter among the four parameters increase the medical professionals attend to the patient immediately taking that for a sign of rapid deterioration. However, the use of the MEWS is also not effective in maintaining the health record of the patients. The major drawback of the system is the lack of co ordination from the patients. Moreover the global implementation of the system had not yet been formulated hence it is difficult for all the hospitals to make effective standard score for judging the situations of the patients. However since the method has helped in reducing the level of complexities involved with identifying of the deterioration rate hence majority of the medical institutions have effectively adopted the system (Agiro, 2011). Reference list Agiro, A. (2011).Determinants of productivity in hospital-based rural health clinics. Orlando, Fla.: University of Central Florida. Hlebec, V. (2012). Contextual factors of home care utilization in Slovenia.Slovenian Journal Of Public Health,51(2). doi:10.2478/v10152-012-0014-z Kelly, C. (2010). An Interdisciplinary Mobility Program in the Acute Care Setting.Journal Of Acute Care Physical Therapy,1(2), 73. doi:10.1097/01592394-201001020-00011 Levett-Jones, T and Bellchamber, H, (2012) Medical-Surgical Nursing in LeMone P, Burke, KM, Dwyer, T, Levett-Jones, T, Moxham, L, Reid-Searl, K, Berry, K, Carville, K, Hales, M, Knox, N, Luxford, Y Raymond, D, Medical-Surgical Nursing:Critical Thinking in Client Care, 1 (2), Pearson Australia, NSW, pp. 3-9 Luxford, Y, (2012) Assessing in Berman, A, Snyder, SJ, Levett-Jones, T, Dwyer, T, Hales, M, Harvey, N, Luxford, Y, Moxham, L, Park, T, Parker, B, Reid-Searl, K and Stanley, D, Kozier and Erbs Fundamentals of Nursing, vol. 1, (2nd edn), Pearson Australia, NSW, pp. 212-230. Scully, N, (2012) Critical Thinking and the Nursing Process in Berman, A, Snyder, SJ, Levett-Jones, T, Dwyer, T, Hales, M, Harvey, N, Luxford, Y, Moxham, L, Park, T, Parker, B, Reid-Searl, K and Stanley, D, Kozier and Erbs Fundamentals of Nursing, vol. 1 (2nd edn), Pearson Australia, NSW, pp. 197-210.

The destruction of forest free essay sample

To gain new experiences and transforming the existing information is the one of the process of learning. It’s easy to carry for the children to learn because it’s obtained from the parents due to repeated observational learning. Children will appreciate what their parents did without judging them because they are the best role models and closed with them. By that, children have an ability to learn more from observing what others did. Children learn good or bad from what they watch, how they communicate with others, their lifestyle and way of living. They might cope with it fast because they spend most of their time with them. Children may tend to copy the information which is the most characteristic of human due to children are into the phase that they rapidly copy the behaviour of their parents. If the children spend their time with others besides the parents, they may adopt many habits from the society. We will write a custom essay sample on The destruction of forest or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They might learn good moral values and if their neighbourhood and society members have some bad qualities it influences them negatively. The children have parents who teach them and prepare them for life. Parents are the first and the strongest influence on their children. The children observe their way of doing the things. For example, if the people who are smokers or alcoholics, and give them bad impression on the children’s mind, they will gave deep impact on children’s brain and heart. Therefore, they learn their first lessons from these situations because of their parents’ guide them into the situation. Bad company has a negative influence over a child because the teenagers listen more to their friends than their parents and teachers. These groups may turn denial into acceptance and gives the children sense of fulfilment in life. Nowadays, children enjoy playing with friends more than anything in life, and sometimes they prefer to stay with their friends more than their parents. The behaviour of adults may give children both good and bad influence because most of the behaviour represents adults’ inclination. For an example, if the media report on the shadow side of the society, children may easily influenced to the violence and excessive sex which it was a direct and convincing method to teach children. Most of the children nowadays can’t accept the method that parents did which is parents always tell children the principles repeatedly. The most effective education method is to let the children observe the whole process of how to deal with the problems just like adults behaviour. The children will learn from the adult behaviour naturally. In conclusion, we may say that it’s true the children learn best by observing the behaviour of adults and copying it; and adults should responsible to guide them, and be the best example for the children because children are like young trees, they need to be carefully irrigated, fertilized and trimmed. By following adults and copying them, they will be influenced by good influence and sooner or later they figures it out by his own the best learning can take place. Question Two What do schools need to do to prepare students for the 21st Century? Discuss your opinion. As educators, we constantly urge ourselves to prepare the students for the real world. We teach them how to read, write, calculate and of course there are less tangible skills that we teach for instance, work in a team, think critically and be curious on things that they may encounter each day. Although we may not know exactly what lies ahead for our students in the future, but we may have the advantage of knowing what skills they needed to face the real world. Firstly, as educators we must prepare them with the skills of critical thinking and problem solving. Students will need to develop their skills at seeing problems from different angles and formulating their own solutions. No matter which field they may encounter the ability to think and act quickly is an indispensable tool for the future. To practice this, teachers should present students with situations in which they need to figure things out for themselves which the skills that they have already developed can be drawn upon and applied to help them figure out a problem. Situational problem in mathematics provide a good example for these skills to work Secondly, as educators we must prepare them with the skills of agility and adaptability. Students need to be comfortable with the idea of change and be willing to adapt to the change around them. The educators may create a very dynamic environment within the classroom which may help them prepared for the future. With several of strategies, setting the classroom and demonstrated the learning process with the guidelines, the students will adapt the learning process. For instance, the students have to create a storyline and asked them to complete the task based on the preparation of another. The students may be grumble at first but they will adapt the skill later. Thirdly, as educators we must prepare them with the skills of accessing and analysing information. Nowadays, students have various ways to access the information. The internet provides an incredible research tool. Accessing information is easy; however accessing good information may tend to be more complicated. The students need to be taught on how to differentiate between factual information and factual-sounding opinions. Nowadays, most of the students will check the answer on the websites to gather the information rather than thinking about how the information been written by a person and whether the information is truly knowledgeable on certain area. To implement this skill, teachers should show them how to search and how to use the information given without being misled. Fourthly, as educators we must prepare them with the skills of curiosity and imagination. Students will naturally curious about their world and wanting to explore it. Their imaginations are vast and untamed which will create endless amounts of practical and impractical things. As educators, teaching them how to be curious and imaginative will be less because they are naturally already being an imaginative, however we need to continue to encourage them to develop these skills, teach them how to apply them creatively and purposefully. The teachers must be very careful about how to nurture and develop the students’ creativity and imagination and teach them which things are appropriate in which certain situations without making them feel like their ideas are wrong or bad. In conclusion, it’s not easy to prepare students for the 21st Century and teachers whom playing the roles to prepare them. However, if we teach them right, the school will become places where the students will achieve lifelong success and personal fulfilment. QuestionThree The destruction of the world’s forest is inevitable as our need for land and food grows. Do you agree? For many years before, forest always has been known as one of the most important parts on the earth which contribute the stability of atmosphere. With deforestation increasing nowadays, some wise people claimed that the world has been threatened and it became worst each day. There’s so many effect due to the activity such as greenhouse effect, soil erosion, global warming and the list is endless. First, due to the deforestation, the large amount of carbon dioxide will be released in burning process which will raises the world greenhouse gas emissions. This might lead to the greenhouse effect. Moreover, the forests help remove the carbon from the atmosphere and release the oxygen back during respiration. Due to that, if they are destroyed by the mankind, the environment will get polluted. Besides the greenhouse effect, the world’s temperature will get higher during deforestation or known as global warming which will be followed by ice caps melting down; releasing metal and the list is endless. Secondly, deforestation would increase rates of soil erosion. Due to that, the flooding in the lower place will happen and the roots of trees could bind the soil. Therefore, the soil will kept in place and may prevent landslides. However, if forests are destroyed, the chances for the landslides will increase which may threaten people living nearby. Thirdly, the destruction of forests may lead extinction of some species and habitat. Without forest, there’s no longer habitat for wildlife and the biodiversity will be affected negatively. To be worse, so animals and plants will also disappear and may be destroyed due to the mankind activities. Consequently, people may not have enough natural resources to develop and resulting poor living standards. For instance, lacking some kind of trees and some disease may not be cure due to that and the rate of mortality will increase regrettably. In conclusion, it’s undeniable that exploiting the natural resources may help the world to develop, however the people may also acknowledge whether is it worth or not. They have to control their actions to improve the earth as well as their live.

Working (Entirely) from Home

Working (Entirely) from Home You might want to make the switch to freelancing entirely from home if you’re, for example, disabled like me, or you’re reclusive and prefer life behind the keyboard. Here’s how you can run your freelance writing business from home: Choose the right jobs. Some jobs (like travel writing) can’t do without travel: Skip those. Other times editors may make an exception if you explain your situation. Freelance career boards like Problogger and Writers’ Job Board are rich sources for jobs. Cold pitching magazines and blogs is another. Also consider working remotely as a copywriter or editor; look at classifieds like Gumtree, Indeed, Linked-In and Freelancer. Avoid the mills and scams. Many work from home writing jobs online are outright scams or content mills with terrible rates. Things like make money now and 2,000 words at $5 total should set off alarm bells. Scammers like these are rife on sites like Freelancer and best avoided. Real work is found Set your schedule. Plan for work not to interfere with your home life, and the other way around. People will assume you have more free time, so make it clear to everyone when you will be working. It’s hard not to ‘take your work home ’, so know when to switch off, too. Plan your calendar with scheduling software like Thunderbird, EasyAppointments or OpenLava Your house is your office. Dedicate at least one room to work as your office. Minimally include filing cabinets, a bookshelf, desk, comfortable chair, and clear lighting. Think ergonomically; everything comfortably within reach. Decide if you will see clients or interviewees in your home and keep the office neat. Consider the background when you’re interviewing via webcam, including noise. A plain color wall-back with little audio disturbances like wind or electronic hum is ideal. (See Hope’s office background here.) Business expenses change. As a from-home freelancer, your business expenses change. Your rent (or mortgage) pays for your office, and you’ll spend less on items like travel expenses and client dinners but more on utilities and phone plans. Keep track, most importantly for your filing tax returns but also to maintain awareness of where your money is going so you can make informed choices. Privacy and safety. Be sure that people won’t show up at your house unannounced. Never share your address or images of your house and family online. Rent a post box for business correspondence. Stalkers can happen. Consider basic security like a panic button or set your laptop up as a security camera for little to no cost with iSpy or Rear View Mirror. Interviewing remotely. You can conduct most interviews remotely ((whether interviewing someone for a story or being interviewed yourself), via secure email like ProtonMail, phone, webcam or VoIP (like Skype, Appear.in or ooVoo). Ask your source which is best for them, and be flexible for the one who wants to interview you. Double-check technology with a test-run and buy a decent headset and speakers. Logitech, AKG and Sennheiser are good brands. Record and file interviews with permission using software like MP3 Skype Recorder, Automatic Call Recorder (for Android) or Audacity for PC. Working online. Project management tools and cloud services instantly connect you and those you work with. You can upload documents, send messages and upload schedules across the board, and it’s great for keeping track of interviewees and co-workers. basecamp.com/ taskworld.com/ dropbox.com/ Making the switch to a home base? It’s really not as hard as you might think: all it takes is a couple of changes to your routine, and then, of course, a â€Å"do not disturb† sign for the office.

Reflection 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Reflection 3 - Essay Example There should be that feeling of respect for the old. Most of the older people in the community do not have specific needs which can be outlined but it appears that they are less likely to receive such care because of their age in the society. Many people including practicing nurses tend to ignore them when offering health and social care in the society just because of their inherent age. Nonetheless, my intention as a practicing nurse in this aspect of health and social care is to take care for the old people in the community who need a lot of care at their ages. They need to be encouraged, given mental counseling, advising them on how to undergo treatments, administering to them medicines among other ways ((Bayer, Tadd, & Krajcik 2005, p. 22) The advances to help the old people in the community have been made initially by other people, but as far as this model is concerned, a lot of reflection, further action and improvement is required. This work will help encourage nurses to develop and grow a positive attitude towards the old people in the society as well as help them embrace positive aspects of respect and help them to understand that old people are very important members of the society who can control their own lives. This will encourage nurses to value the old people, and to take care of them as well as promoting opportunities for well-being and psychological developments rather than promoting helplessness and deterioration (Williams & Irurita 2005. p 501). This idea of health and social care for the old people presents a challenge for us as nurses to change from a medical perspective and to focus more on health promotions as well as preventing ill health among the old people. This ensures that majority of these older people enjoy healthy and fulfilling lives just like the other members of the community and that they can make a positive contribution to the community (Bayer, Tadd, & Krajcik

Asylum Seekers in the United Kingdom Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Asylum Seekers in the United Kingdom - Essay Example Figure 1: Asylum seeker applications in the UK during 2000-2009 (Topic guide to Immigration Control and Asylum n.d.). This figure clearly reflects on the fact that the degree to which immigrants applied for asylum seeking in the UK has drastically minimized over the years. The present study would discuss why and how this has been possible, and whether the English law has been successful in dealing with asylum seekers effectively.  The present study focuses on an understanding of the concept of asylum seeking in the UK by individuals and discusses the fact that the legal system offered by the English Law on the issue of illegal asylum seekers is not sufficient in taking the correct decisions in regard to the asylum seekers. This considers the difficulty that the asylum seekers are encountered with in order to make their places in the country, as well as the ignorance of the law to assist these people, and hence the consequences of suffering of these people or their forceful entry in to the country.  In the UK, generally, the asylum seekers have to wait for around 2 months to even 6 years before their claims are accepted or refused. If the refugees have chosen UK, it is likely that they have someone known in the country. Any customary and obligatory introduction program is not provided by the UK for new arrivals in the country. For this reason, refugees and asylum seekers are required to get hold of information about livelihood and work in the UK from their own sources and any networks that exist and can help them out with guidance (Refugees and asylum seekers in the UK: The challenges of accessing education and employment 2009).  In the UK, in the present times, the UK Border Agency (BIA) supports the asylum seekers. The policy of the BIA allows offering all the asylum seekers facilities of accommodation on a basis of no-choice.  

Amy Winehouse Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Amy Winehouse - Essay Example She was later expelled for piercing her nose and not applying herself. She ventured into the music career at the age of sixteen after her classmate, Tyler James a pop singer, passed her demo tape to A&R recording label. After signing her first recording deal as a jazz vocalist; her music developed into an eclectic mixture of pop, jazz, R&B and soul. After her 2003 album, Frank, hit double platinum status Amy Winehouse began showing up to club and TV performances while too drunk to perform for the whole set and ruined her reputation. She also got into on and off relationship with Blake Fielder, Music video assistant, who introduced her to hard drugs. The couple often fought in public, and their private life involved doing drugs, alcohol and causing self-harm. Her 2006 album Back to Black won her five Grammy awards and earned commendation for her songs including Rehab, Back to Black and Valerie. She passed away at the age of twenty-seven after an accidental poisoning from alcohol. In 2006, she dumped her management company, after the company suggested that she should enter rehab for alcohol abuse. She turned the experience into the song Rehab in her second album, Back to Black. She expressed her refusal to accept treatment for substance abuse. The song remained in top ten list in United Kingdom for some time and earned her an Ivor Novello award for the best contemporary song. The album also won her two BRIT awards for the best female solo artist and the best British album in 2007. The album also hit platinum levels in America in less than a month after winning the BRIT award. In April 2007, she got engaged to Blake Fielder and married in May 2007. She returned to her old habits of substance abuse and on Agust8, 2007 she went into a coma after an overdose of several drugs. Her health began to deteriorate despite her success in music and at a concert in London in June 2008, she punched

Ict And Language Learning Teaching Methods Information Technology Essay

Ict And Language Learning Teaching Methods Information Technology Essay The definitions could be considered narrow. More interestingly, Cambridge Advanced Learners Dictionary defines ICT in a narrower context: a school subject in which students learn to use computers and other electronic equipment to store and send information. It is noted that  both interpretations are deficient  in that it glosses over current ICT inventions and ignores previous technological devices such as printing machines, telephone, radio and television. In a broader view of ICT, we will be discussing the role of ICT in supporting language learning from the perspective of historical background and within the framework of SLA (Second Language Acquisition). In this essay we will seek to address the following questions: To what extend language learning are affected by ICT? How does ICT co-relate and correspond to learning-teaching methods and SLA hypotheses? 2 The role of ICT and Language Learning-Teaching Methods 2.1 Historical background Before the arrival of printing press, emphasis has been placed on catechetic and oral communication activities for grammar teaching and learning (Guo, 2010). Following the invention of movable printing machine in 1455, literacy among society has been significantly improved. As quoted by Crystal (2004: 56), the new invention gave an unprecedented impetus to the formation of a standard language and the study of its properties. On the other hand, Kelly (1969) states that deductive and inductive methods have existed for ages. To date, Brown (1994: 351) points out that the inductive approach is preferred as it is in tune with subconscious and implicit language acquisition. Kenning (2007) analyses that the emergences of both deductive and inductive approaches predated printing technology hence the popularity might not be attributed to the technology. Thus she states that ICT had little to do with the birth of the approaches. In addition, it is worthwhile to point out that the role of printing technology in language learning was limited in the early years. For instance, Comenius wrote a  pioneering  book in 1658, Orbis Sensualium Pictus, related to audio-visual learning method. He presented Latin vocabulary words and modern languages with pictures. (Leinenbauch Gillette, 1997: 486). This revolutionary inductive approach eventually failed due to technical difficulty and expensive cost of printing illustrations (Kenning, 2007). This claim is in line with Ellis (1997)s notion that, social and cultural contexts is among the external factors that significantly influence the amount of exposure and use of a L2 (p.4-5). Thus, successful implementation of an innovative learning approach may be postponed until the technology is ready for the conditions. Language teaching has been using technologies such as phonograph, radio, projector, tape recorder, computer, the Internet, the Web, interactive whiteboard, DVD-ROMs, mobile phone and personal digital assistant (PDA) (Davies 2005) to support language learning from early 20th century. Due to the versatility of ICT, one can thus argue that ICT has potential to play a significant role in facilitating learning methods connected to deductive and inductive approaches such as Grammar-Translation Method (deductive), Direct Method (inductive), Audio-lingual Method (inductive), Communicative Language Teaching Approach and Task-Based Approach (inductive). We are therefore going to review and discuss the advantages of ICT according to each of these methods in the following section. 2.2 Grammar Translation Method Grammar Translation Method is an L2 teaching method based on the analysis of grammar and translation from L1 to L2 and vice versa. (Wong, 2005: 118). Grammar Translation Method was derived  from classical method of teaching  Greek and  Latin in 16th century (Wong, 2005: 1) and only became popular in the late 19th century early 20th century.  It is interesting to note that although printing production had been improved since 15th century, the real revolution only began when steam-powered press was invented to deliver 1,100 sheets per hour (Hutchinson, 2008). Following this revolution, printing and publishing costs has been significantly lowered. This has consequently fostered the implementation of grammar-translation method as constant reference is necessary for translation (Kenning, 2007). Although this method began to decline following the introduction of Direct Method, its traces can still be found in todays language classrooms where reading competence is emphasised (Wong, 2005). In modern contexts, overhead projector and drill-and-practice CALL (behaviourist stage) have somehow replaced blackboard and books for uni-directional transmission of information in L2 grammar-translation classrooms (Warschauer Meskill, 2000). What is clear in this passage is the vital importance of  ICT in popularizing Grammar Translation Method in late 19th century and early 20th century. However, todays cutting-edge technology has failed to revive the traditional method. We could attribute this phenomenon to the deficiency of the deductive method itself, in which implicit language acquisition has been neglected. 2.3 Direct Method Thornbury (2007:21) defines the Direct Method as a method prioritises on oral skills, and, while following a syllabus of grammar structures, rejected explicit grammar teaching. Stocker (1921) and Clarke (1921) (both cited in Salaberry, 2001: 40) emphasised the important role of phonograph in learning L2 pronunciation and intonation. Boldyreff (1929) claimed that the use of phonograph makes language learning more scientific and efficient. However, Jespersen (1904) expressed his concern over the sound quality, especially the consonant was still far from perfect. The use of radio solved Jespersens concern. For instance, Quinault (1947) described BBC program English by Radio as perhaps the biggest experiment in language teaching by radio on purely direct method lines (p.119). She further claimed that the continental listeners managed to concentrate on the sound alone and eventually acquired the pronunciation successfully. As stated by Reith (1924), radio offered perfect pronunciation through native speaker utterance. Indeed, radio managed to cater the needs of language learners who adopted Direct Method in early years. Nowadays, Direct Method, well-known as Berlitz Method, is supported by cutting-edged technology. Learning are still done in oral context (Berlitz, 2010) but interactive white board, multimedia, the Internet and the Web have been integrated into Berlitz Virtual Classroom (BVC, 2010). In line with Kenning (2007)s claim, ICT at this stage has been used to meets the needs of eclectic approach set within a broad conceptual framework. 2.4 Audio-lingual Method (ALM) The ALM is led by behaviourist psychology and structural linguistic (Richards Rogers, 2001). In 1970s and 1980s, the behaviourist CALL (Computer-Assisted Language Learning) such as language laboratories served as effective tools to deliver instruction, dialogue memorisation, repetitive drill exercises and correct answers to the learners (Warschauer, 1996; Warschauer Meskill, 2000). Eventually, language laboratories were failed as it only adopted a single methodology and neglected creative production of human language (Chambers, Conacher Littlemore, 2004). In todays context, the role of ICT could still be traced. For example, the Duke University gave away iPod to 1,600 first year students to evaluate the effectiveness of the technology device in academic use (Belanger, 2005). Apparently, ALM was adopted in language learning: In languagesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦listening comprehension or performance-based components, practice and repetition was facilitated through digital audio files (Belanger, 2005: 9). For example, L2 learners spoken Spanish and their response during oral quizzes were recorded using iPod. Also, weekly vocabulary words with translations and audio diary was downloaded as learning materials (Belanger, 2005: 15). The use of iPod proved to be beneficial in supporting audio-lingual language learning in this project. 2.5 Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) Approach CLT approach adopts a broad and eclectic philosophy rather than specific prescribed procedure in language learning and teaching (Wong, 2005). Communicative CALL replaced behaviourist CALL in the 1970s and 1980s (Warschauer, 1996). Authentic situations, purposeful and meaningful communication, learner-centred settings, written and gesture communication are all important elements in this approach (VanPatten, 2002). It is clear to note that the ICT inventions have been used accordingly to fulfil the specific purpose of the approach. For instance, Fox (1997) reported that Language Learning Network project consisted of the Internet and video conferencing had successfully created a communication content-driven learning environment. More recently, Littlemore Oakey (2004) points out the Web has made authentic meaningful communication possible by providing substantial amount of resources and knowledge. CMC (Computer-Mediated Communication), for example, provide the opportunity to use the L2 authentically. 2.6 Task-based Approach Task-based approach is a syllabus that is organised based on a series of tasks that learners are expected to perform (Wong, 2005: 120). It has attracted much attention from SLA researchers over the past two years. Similar to CLT approach, broad and eclectic philosophy are incorporated in this approach. Thus the concept has been widely adopted by SLA hypotheses such as input processing, negotiation of meaning, focus on form and output comprehensible output (Van den Branden, 2006: 1). Indeed, ICT such as Internet and the Web has been used as powerful tools to enhance both CLT approach and task-based learning. This has yielded positive outcomes such as increased interaction, increased task authenticity and creative output production (Egbert Hanson-Smith, 1999). In this section we have reviewed to what extend ICT has supported language learning according to different teaching methods. In the next section we will discuss the role of ICT according to different SLA hypotheses. 3 The Role of ICT and SLA Hypotheses 3.1 Comprehensible Input According to Krashen (1981, 1982, and 1985, cited in Wong, 2005), comprehensible input is the language that learners can understand with their current level of linguistic competence. Multimedia enables visualization of abstract concepts and complex processes (Davies (2005)/ Also, modified input in multimedia CALL provides comprehensible input to learners (Chapelle, 1998). For example, by using captioned interactive video (Shea, 2000), learners will better understand the L2 discourse in the authentic discourse. In addition, comprehensible input is made available through task-based activities such as web-authoring task (Mishan 2004). The importance of exposure to authentic L2 text has been generally endorsed by SIA researchers (e.g. Larsen-Freeman Long, 1991). During web-authoring task using software such as Dreamweaver, FrontPage and GoLive, learners are exposed to authentic text in following the instruction to build their own website (Mishan 2004). For distance learning, ICT could be utilized to create learning environment with productive and rich L2 input. This consequently diminishes dichotomy between distance language learners and classroom learners (Davies et al., 2010). Along the way, good evidence about the positive role of ICT has been reviewed within the framework of Comprehensible Input Hypothesis. It is noted that ICT could be beneficial when the learners are exposed to rich and authentic L2 environments such as task-based activities and distance learning settings. However, agreeing with Bardovi-Harlig (2001), input alone is not sufficient to support language learning. In such a case we will explore the role of ICT in supporting Comprehensible Output and Interaction Hypothesis. 3.2 Comprehensible Output Comprehensible Output Hypothesis postulated by Swain (1985, 1995, cited in Wong, 2005) suggests that output learners need to be pushed to produce comprehensible output that is important to trigger noticing, positive feedback and negative evidence during acquisition. Davies (2005) states that ICT, especially computer, encourages comprehensible output, that is, active use of L2. As evidence, Evans (1996)s study reports that computer-based task is ultimately responsible to stimulate and improve learners oral communication. In particular, synchronous CMC tasks direct learners to produce higher quality spoken output (Kern, 1995; Warschauer, 1996). Blakes (2000) study supports Swains hypothesis by reporting that online interchange pushed learners to produce written output. In addition, as indicated by Warschauer (2001), learners appear to incorporate new learned syntactical patterns or lexical chunks extensively during CMC task (p. 290). Also, it is stated that the hypertext environment of the Web improves learners writing skills. Through the support of visual and sound using multimedia elements, learners are likely to extend their communicative output (Davies, 2005) in a context-rich setting. Apparently, we have all the good evidence on the use of ICT in pushing learners to produce comprehensible output. Learners are not only encouraged to use the L2 actively, but are also more willingly to try out new L2 knowledge in a more secured and virtual environment compared to real-life classroom. Indeed, the contribution of advanced Internet technology could not be denied in this context. Nevertheless, it is argued that comprehensible output is still not ample to facilitate the development of L2 linguistic system. We will hence examine if ICT plays any positive role in enhancing language learning experience from the perspective of Interaction Hypothesis. 3.3 Noticing Hypothesis Research revealed that noticing on specific linguistic features in the L2 input is crucial to language learning (Doughty, 1991). By manipulating L2 input using ICT, such as multimedia CALL, input enhancement technique could be applied easily into language learning or teaching pedagogy. Thus the chance of noticing could be increased (Chapelle, 1998). Littlemore and Oakey (2004) later characterized web-based resources meet one of Chapelles (2001) criteria for CALL task appropriateness, namely focus on form (p. 98-99). From the point of view of grammar instruction, studies conducted by Ushioda (2000), ORourke (2005) and Meskill Anthony (2007) show that CMC tasks successfully draw learners attention to the specific linguistic features in their own output, and engage in focus-on-form (originated by Michael Long, 1983, 1996 cited in Wong, 2005) communicative practice. In addition, Yuans (2003) study reported that combination of on-line chat and regular in-class discussion increased learners awareness of their grammatical errors in their interlanguage. Also, Kukulska-Hulme Bull (2009)s study indicates that language learning diaries using mobile assisted language learning enhance learners noticing of linguistic feature in L2 input. From the point of view of vocabulary acquisition, the multi-dimension hypertext supports Schdmits Noticing Hypothesis by providing a mixture of multimedia elements to learners. For example, empirical evidences obtained by Jones (2004) and Yanguas (2009) show that multimedia environment is beneficial for L2 vocabulary acquisition. In their studies, learners managed to notice the target words with visual aids and textual glosses. With regards to the Noticing Hypothesis, we can clearly define the advantages of the use of ICT. Indeed, through multimedia environment and mobile language learning, learners are supported to focus on the specific linguistic features (e.g. input enhancement and focus on form) and develop L2 linguistic system in more natural and flexible settings compared to face-to-face classroom. 3.4 Interaction Hypothesis Interaction Hypothesis (Gass, 1997, 2003 cited in VanPatten Benati, 2010) asserted that interaction is necessary in language learning process because learners output may trigger input modification by other speakers. However, the opportunity to interact face-to-face is rather restricted within the regular L2 classroom settings (Kitade, 2000). Fortunately, the invention of the Internet and the Web has provided a better interaction platform to learners. A number of research studies have been conducted on negotiation of meaning and CMC, a manifestation of Warschauers (1996) concept of integrative CALL (e.g. Blake, 2000; Kitade, 2000; Meskill Anthony, 2007). Warschauer (1997) states that the inter-cultural context make online learning a potentially powerful tool for collaborative language learning (pp. 470). Through CMC tasks, learners interact more actively with L2 (Kern, 1995; Warschauer, 1996). For example, learners appreciate the corrective feedback from their partners in email exchanges tasks. (ODowd, 2004; St. John Cash, 1995). Also, Blakes (2000) study shows that CMC promotes L2 acquisition of lexical items through interaction on a synchronous on-line chat program. When communicating with native speakers, miscommunication or even misunderstanding may happen when the learners do not know when and how to use certain linguistic forms appropriately. Research has found that instruction on the speech acts helps learners to improve their pragmatic performance and communication competence (Kasper Rose, 2002). In this context the role of ICT becomes, once again, crucial since we can argue that tandem learning system could eliminate, or at least, reduce the sense of offence and embarrassment. 3.5 Motivation ICT is potentially a great tool to boost both integrative and instrumental motivation in language learning process. Integrative motivation is related to psychology whereas instrumental motivation set language as tool to derive benefit from the environment (VanPatten Benati, 2010: 111). Some research shows that synchronous CMC leads to significant motivation boost among L2 learners. For example, Appel Guerrero (2002)s study shows that tandem project via email encourages learners to correct each other. Also, passive and shy learners appear to be more active to participate in electronic discussions compared to teacher-led discussions. (Beauvouis 1992; Kelm, 1992). From the perspective of instrumental motivation, Web authoring tasks inspire the sense of authorship and create the feel of privilege among language learners (Mishan, 2004). Scripting, recording, producing and performing own podcast works will enhance learners sense of ownership (LTS MFLE, 2010). These situations will undoubtedly increase their motivation and derive  a sense of accomplishment along the process of task-based language learning. However, Owen (2008) argues that the level of motivation is heavily depending on achievability of task. This notion implies that although ICT plays a significant role in enhancing motivation, teachers/instructors play a more dominant role in designing and choosing the most appropriate ICT task best fitting their students needs. 3.5.1 Autonomous Learning Motivation has close link with autonomous learning. Autonomous and independent learners become highly motivated and this leads to better learning outcomes (Dickinson, 1995, cited in Benson, 2001). The early application of CALL as behaviorist tool was less efficient for autonomy development (Fox, 1994). During the communicative phase, the pre-programmed CALL still played role as tutor although the tasks did not grant full control to learners. (Benson 2001:137). However, Kenning (1996: 128) stated that the used of word processors in communicative CALL supported cognitive and meta-cognitive autonomy. Thus, Benson (2001) further stated that when computes used as non-language learning tools, autonomy will be enhanced. Later, multimedia, the Internet and the Web has brought CALL to current integrative phase (Warschauer, 1996). Integrative CALL supports autonomy learning development with rich input and encourages learners to take control over the selection of learning strategies and materials (Benson, 2001). Mishan (2004:130) further claims that the Internet is the most powerful medium to orientate learners towards autonomous learning. Indeed, learners are supported by various forms of multimedia on the Web to search and discover learning strategies that best suit them. Its been observed that independent learners play more active role during language learning process. For example, the use of authoring software and cognitive tools engage learners as researchers and the experimenters in a L2 task-based learning classroom (Rà ¼schoff, 2004). In addition, one of ODowd (2004)s Spanish students who learned English as L2 expressed his/her opinions on email exchanges by stating that we have the opportunity to have a teacher and, at the same time, to be teachers (p.156). This implies that learners are motivated when they play role as tutors by correcting partners language errors during the exchanges. Also, CMC learning tasks via e-mail exchanges (Ushioda, 2000) and MOOs (object-oriented Multiple User Domains) (Sheild, 2001) is excellent for autonomy learning as learners are able to take control of their learning process, content and objectives. In addition, Sarasin (1999: 2) states that tailored exercises that fit their students learning ways will maximize the learning potential outcome. For example, Hot Potatoes is an excellent authoring software that enables teachers to design language activities such as multiple-choice questions and gap fills exercises according to learning styles of their own students. We can argue that the role of ICT is, certainly, more prominent if being explored from the angle of independent learning. Language learners gain access to rich L2 resources via ICT devices such as the Internet, the Web, Podcast and digital mobile phones. 3.5.2 Learning Strategies OMalley d Chamot (1990) classify learning strategies under three main categories: cognitive (repeating, translating, and analyzing), metacognitive (organizing, planning and controlling) and socio-affective (seeking clarification, co-operating with peers, self-talk). Learners who have regular opportunities to develop their metacognitive awareness through on-line training may become more autonomous language learners. With the arrival of audio-video conferencing systems, distance learners can learn language at anytime and share opinions on their roles in it (Hauck, 2005). For example, Whites (1995) study shows that independent distance learners aware that they need to re-evaluate their role and responsibilities as language learners thus make greater use of metacognitive strategy, especially self-management. For cognitive strategy, learners are able to apply their prior knowledge about L2 in creative ways on different multimedia activities on the Web. Memory strategy is thus supported through multimedia elements of the Internet where images and sounds are available for mental linking. Also, CMC provides a platform for learners to apply social strategies where learners more aware of the relationship between the target language and its cultural (ODowd, 2004). They will be able to share recommendations for useful resources and tools found on and off the Internet. (Warschauer Shetzer, 2000: 179). To summarize we can therefore argue that ICT, if properly used, is unquestionably helping language learning and could contribute towards different learning strategies development. 3.5.3 Learning Styles ICT such as interactive games, interactive whiteboard, video and digital image offers support to different learning styles and allow learners to learn in ways appropriate to their learning approaches (Becta Report, 2009: 2). In particular, language learning tasks through the Internet can suit different learning styles. For instance, Sheikh Dibs (2003) points out that the needs of visual learners are fulfilled by text, images and video whereas auditory learners are supported with oral presentation on the Web. Sensory learners enjoy both visual and auditory resources on the Web. Hands-on learners will apply their knowledge through activities such as on-line games and cross puzzle. To sum up, learners learn better when they are interested and ICT serves to extend and prolong their initial interest (Murray Barnes, 1998). Integrating various forms of multimedia is doubtlessly among the best option to present L2 input. This practice increases the variety of learning tasks when teachers/instructors manage to adapt and modified the content to meet different types of learning styles. In this session we have reviewed the positive role of ICT. Indeed, the incorporation of technology into language learning always corresponds to external and internal factors indentified within the framework of contemporary SLA research. Internal factors are cognitive factors such as processing strategies, prior linguistic knowledge, the architecture of LAD (Language Acquisition Device) of the human brain (VanPatten, 2003), aptitude and motivation (Myles, 2002). Meanwhile, social factors, input and interaction are identified as external factors by Ellis (1997). We could easily identify both factors in todays language learning contexts and how effective are they in supporting learners to build their L2 linguistic system from different perspective. However, ICT could be a two-sided sword if not being used without proper guide. In the next section we will discuss the disadvantages of barrier of the use of ICT. 4 Disadvantages and Barriers of ICT In the section above we have identified a substantial number of advantages for the use of ICT in language learning such as the fact that ICT provides easy and reliable access to authentic materials, supports different learning styles, enhances cross-cultural communication and collaboration. However, empirical evidences have identified some problems and barriers to the use of ICT in language learning which will be reviewed and analysed in the following section. 4.1 Security Ramirez et al (2008) identify cyber bullying as a growing problem among teenagers and young adults in schools. Even peer bullying among children is budding due to the increased anonymous use of wireless ICT devices on the Web (Tettegah et al, 2006). Gender differences have also been identified in CMC, where men tend to dominate the discussion (Cook et al., 2001). In addition, Herring (2000) reports number of offensive case against women in asynchronous CMC. For instance, Dibbell (1993, cited in Herring, 2000) textually-based virtual rape and sexual harassment incident were reported by Dibbell (1993) and Reid (1994) (both cited in Herring, 2000). Indeed, such incidents reveal the dark side of the technology which deflates social responsibility and accountability. In addition, vast amount of information is available on the Web and not all of them are appropriate. In particular, the exposure of pornography on the Web to teenagers and children is always a focus issue and concern over the use of the Internet. To overcome these circumstances, filtering software such as Surf Watch enables parents and teachers to protect students against undesirable material. However, full control and censorship on the Internet is unjustifiable and unenforceable. When the Internet access is available in the classroom, careful supervision and safeguard is necessary to increase security and protection level. The role of the instructor/teacher is therefore vital not only in terms of preparation of ICT-based activities but also in the supervision and delivery of the Internet based activities. 4.2 Learners-Fit As stated in previously, the ready-made Web-based resource might not fit the specific needs of learners with different learning styles. Moreover, ready-make multimedia packages  available on commercial  language learning software are usually technological driven and do not take learners specific needs into serious account (Murray Barnes, 1998). Thus lack of expertise in developing software program could lead to lack of reliability. In addition, Littlemore Oakey (2004) also addressed the limitation of Web-based resources to meet the needs of learner-fit (Chapelle, 2001: 59). Ready-made exercises and resources on the Web, such as Si Espana and Bonjour de France are less likely to cope with every different learning style. Thus careful decision should be made when teachers or learners are pondering on whether or not to use these materials for language teaching/learning. Also, this could be tackled by using web-based authoring tools appropriately. The baseline is that teachers/instructors need to modify and adapt the ready-made materials according to the precise needs of their own learners group. 4.3 Information Overload It could be problematic if learners are bombarded with massive amount of information through ICT and leads to information overload (Littlemore and Oakey 2004). Moreover, searching online could sometimes be time consuming (for both instructors and students) where the quality and accuracy of the contents is not always under control. In addition, task-based learning activities without proper design will also lead to information overload. For example, in a many-to-many interaction through CMC, some learners might find that they are lost in group discussion. Thus certain information might be ignored and becomes a set of asocial monologues (Moran, 1991:52). Therefore, training is necessary to equip learners and instructors with appropriate searching and skimming skill. Teachers/instructors also need to be trained to design tasks in accordance to SLA theories and that allow the learners to response to the discourse in a multi-way CMC, to explore the material and consequently generate positive learning outcomes. 4.4 Reliability Warschauer (1999) reported that a great number of network-exchanges project failed to meet the expectation of language learning outcomes. This is due to the difficulty to maintain learners and their partners initial interest and motivation. Cross-cultural email exchanges might sometimes be boring and tiresome if the learners can not find common interest with their partners. This weakens the initial passionate if the exchanges are not goal-oriented (ODowd, 2004). In other words, without proper design and guidance, CMC tasks could be meaningless and lead to communication breakdown. In addition, learners might be discouraged if their CMC partners do not turn up in the chat room or answer their message (ODowd, 2004). This might be attributed to factors such as lost of interest, poor time management and limited access to the Internet which it is definitely not helping SLA. ODowd (2004) further points out learners might develop perception that the cultural of the L2 country is unfriendly. This implies that the learners will be further discouraged to continue learning the L2. To solve this issue, learners and their partners should be trained and be educated beforehand on this issue to established friendly relationship (Fischer, 1998; Muller Hartman, 2000)with their partners. As far as social reliability is concerned, technology reliability is also considered as a barrier. Specifically, computers are sometimes unreliable as the artificial intelligence cannot handle unexpected ad-hoc sit

Lord Of The Flies: Human Nature :: essays research papers

Lord of The Flies: Human Nature "We are all murderers and prostitutes - no matter to what culture, society, class, nation one belongs, no matter how normal, moral, or mature, one takes oneself to be." R. D. Laing British psychiatrist. R.D. Laing obviously backs up William Golding's point of view that human nature is evil. Human nature is directly affected by the environment; and is constantly changing due to the experiences of the individual. Oscar Wilde once said "The only thing that one really knows about human nature is that it changes. Change is the one quality we can predicate from it. The systems that fail are those who rely on the permanency of human nature, and not on its growth and development. The error of Louis XIV was that he thought human nature would always be the same. The result of his error was the French Revolution. It was an admirable result." Human nature depends upon the environment in which they are immersed. The idea that children, not humans in general, are swayed by the ideas and actions of their parental figures is also a central idea of the book, "The Lord of the Flies" by William Golding. Because of the war in England where the boys were from their human experience was one of war. If there was no war going on in England at the time they were evacuated from England, there would've been no deaths, no Lord of the Flies, and certainly no beast. Because if they had came with a good human nature then how would there have been a beast which Golding classified as the basic evil inside all of us. Another thing that ties in with this that children try to copy what they see adults do so if a child sees an adult smoke up or drink then he may believe that it is okay or it is right because their parents do it. As George Orwell once said "Part of the reason for the ugliness of adults, in a child's eyes, is that the child is usually looking upwards, and the adults are rarely looking down. Yet no matter what they will always adore, look up to and love their parents." But as was just said sometimes that can be a bad thing. So what must we do? Well for starters why not try to teach our children better and try at all costs to set good examples for our children so that our society will hopefully be salvaged from the god forsaken wrath of evil. Children who's parents smoke have a 40% higher chance of smoking than

A Detailed Lesson Plan in Mathematics V by: Quinee Mae B. Tumaliuan

A DETAILED LESSON PLAN IN MATHEMATICS V I. Objectives A. Visualize, identify and describe 3-4 sided polygons B. Draw 3-4 sided polygons C. Identify different geometric figures D. Observe patience and discipline in doing assigned works E. Work cooperatively and collaboratively in all activities II. Subject Matter Topic: Visualizing 3-4-Sided Polygons Reference: BEC-PELC III. 1 Materials: manila paper, cartolina, marker, cut-outs of polygons Strategy: Interactive Teaching Strategy Values: Patience, Cooperation and Discipline III. ProcedureTeacher’s ActivityPupils’ Activity A. Preparation Good morning class! Good morning ma’am! B. Review (Socialized Recitation) Identify the following geometric figures 1. point? 2. line segment ? ? 3. ray 4. parallel lines 5. intersecting lines 6. perpendicular lines 7. right angle 8. acute angle 9. obtuse angle 10. polygon C. Presentation What is the figure below? A figure of a man What particular geometricpolygons figure is used to represent the body parts? What polygons can you seerhombus, rectangle, in this picture? trapezoid, triangle arallelogram, square The class will be divided into 4 groups Each group will be given envelopes containing polygons and activity card. They will follow the instructions that were written in the activity cards. Activity card: B. Separate the 3-sided polygons from that of the 4-sided polygons. C. Number the polygons separately as 1, 2, 3, etc. D. Measure the length of the sides of the numbered polygons. E. Record the data F. Tell something about the polygons based from the data. G. Discuss you observations among the group. D. Discussion What do we call 3-sided olygons? triangles What are the kinds ofequilateral, isosceles, polygons according to sides? and scalene Who can draw and describe each triangle? What are the kinds of anglesobtuse, right and according to angles? acute triangle What do we call 4-sided polygons? quadrilaterals What are the differentrectangle, square, kinds of quadrilaterals? rhombus, parallelogram and trapezoid Who can draw and describe(pupils answer) each type of quadrilateral? E. Generalization Three-sided polygons are called triangles Kinds of triangle according to sides: 1.Equilateral triangle- three sides are equal or congruent 2. Isosceles triangle-two sides are congruent 3. Scalene-no two sides are congruent Kinds of triangle according to angles: 1. Obtuse triangle-one angle is obtuse 2. Right triangle-one angle is right 3. Acute triangle-three sides are all acute Four-sided polygons are called quadrilaterals 1. Rectangle- has two pairs of equal opposite sides and it has four right angles 2. Square- all sides are equal and it has four right angles 3. Rhombus- has four equal sides 4. Parallelogram- has both pairs of opposite sides parallel . Trapezoid- it has one pair of opposite sides parallel IV. Application Name each triangle and write if it is equilateral, isosceles or scalene. 1. 2. 2cm4cm 3cm3cm 6cm 3cm 3. 10cm 4. 4cm 4cm 6cm 8cm 2cm Name each triangle and write if it is acute, right or obtuse. 4550 5. 6. 45 40 7. 22 8. 30 28 50 130 100 Encircle the correct name to identify each quadrilateral 1. Trapezoid Rectangle 2. Square Trapezoid 3. Rectangle Parallelogram 4. Rhombus Square 5. Parallelogrsam Trapezoid V. Evaluation Match column A with column B Column AColumn B 2.It has four equal sidesa. trapezoid 3. Three sides are congruentb. parallelogram 4. A 3-sided polygon with twoc. equilateral triangle 5. sides equal 6. A 4-sided polygon with oned. isosceles triangle pair of parallel sides 7. A 4-sided polygon with twoe. rectangle pairs of parallel sidesf. square VI. Assignment Draw the following polygons and assign a corresponding measurement for each sides or angles. 1. equilateral triangle 2. square 3. trapezoid 4. rectangle 5. rhombus 6. scalene triangle 7. right triangle 8. parallelogram 9. acute triangle 10. isosceles triangle

Threats to water availability in Canada

Threats to water availability in Canada Access to safe water for a healthy life is a major requirement for people in the world today. Although Canada is seen as a country with abundance of water resources, its population is the highest water consumer in the world causing a threat to its freshwater (Environment Canada 1).Advertising We will write a custom article sample on Threats to water availability in Canada specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A larger portion of the Canadian population is concentrated in urban areas but many freshwater rivers flow towards the northern side, which is the opposite direction from the populated regions. In Canada, water is valuable and it contributes an income of around $7.5 to $23 billion every year (Environment Canada 3). Currently, most water sources are under pressure due to growing domestic demand of freshwater in Canada. This paper outlines the crisis of freshwater supply faced by Canada. Agriculture is the highest water consumer and it is estimated that out of the total water consumption in Canada, 70 percent is used for Agriculture (Environment Canada 37). In addition to this, urbanization is another major reason why freshwater supply is reducing rapidly. At present, there is a lot of construction work going on in Canada and as a result, urban and residential are consuming a lot of water causing increase in water demand. The more worrying news is that changing climatic trends may cause more pressure on the water resources and worsen the situation. In fact, scientists have estimated that droughts may increase in the future threatening fresh water sources (Stanford 15). Due to increasing threat to the Canadian water resources, much attention has been drawn to different sectors in order to find a long-term solution to the current water crisis. Indeed, there is an urgent need to address the current crisis to ensure that Canada has access to fresh water in the future. To solve the problem, a number of recommendations have been put forward. Foremost, â€Å"to know what to do, you must first know what is happening† (Environment Canada 97). Thus, a plan to acquire observational and accurate data regarding water has been proposed. By acquiring such data, experts will be aware of the water usage patterns, Canadian fresh water sources, and water-related infrastructure (Stanford 67). Knowledge of this basic information will help the government to have an organized freshwater monitoring program and develop appropriate action plan. Secondly, it is important to develop research priorities. Developing a research plan will clarify causes of droughts hence improving the climatic conditions (Environment Canada 16). Moreover, research will also help maintain Canada’s climate modeling capabilities. With extensive research, the impact of climate change on forests, wetlands, and glacier (freshwater ecosystems) will be clarified too. Eventually, this will help in improving water quality by reducing c hemical drainage into water sources among other wastes.Advertising Looking for article on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Thirdly, there is need to have informed policies and effective management plans (Stanford 121). In addition, there is need to develop policies regarding water usage (water rights) in order to minimize conflicts. More research into this topic will provide a good foundation for developing better and informed policies. As such, the Canadian government should adopt science based management practices to help in decision-making (Stanford 121). Lastly, there is need to have effective leadership and teamwork in order to address Canada’s freshwater crisis. Quality scientific leadership will play vital role in developing better assessment programs. In the government level, there is need to have committed leadership and teamwork to develop better policies that will not frustrate efforts to revive Canada’s fresh water supply (Environment Canada 94). In summary, in order to ensure that Canada has constant supply of freshwater in the future, there is need to develop sustainable action plan. Because of current pressure on Canada’s freshwater sources, there is need to do more research, implement appropriate policies, and have committed leadership so that the nation can continue having social and economical benefits acquired from use of freshwater. Environment Canada. Threats to Sources of Drinking Water and Aquatic Ecosystem Health in Canada. National Water Resource Institute, Burlington, Ontoaria. NWRI Scientific assessment, 1.1 (2001): 72. Print. Environment Canada. Threats to Water Availability in Canada. National Water Resource Institute, Burlington, Ontoaria. NWRI Scientific assessment, 3.1 (2004): 1-150. Print. Stanford, Williams. Water, Weather and the Mountain West. Ottawa: Rock mountain Books, 2007. Print.

The Great Depression Essay †The Worst of Times - BestEssay.education

The Great Depression Essay – The Worst of Times The Great Depression Essay If your grandparents are still alive, they probably lived through the Great Depression – that really dark period in American history, between 1929 and 1941, when life was really horrible for a whole bunch of people. If you have read about it, then you have the basic facts. If you haven’t yet, then you may be asking yourself, â€Å"What is the Great Depression?† Simply put, it was a time in our history when we experienced the worst economic circumstances in all of our history – bank failures, terribly high unemployment, wages that could not support families, and high rate of home foreclosures. Does this sound familiar? It should. A Look at the Causes of the Great Depression The 1920’s came in like a tornado. World War I was over, and people were happy about that. Prohibition was also in effect, and people were not very happy about that. Jazz and the Charleston dance were the rage. Women cut their hair and raised their skirt lengths; men drove flashy convertibles. Life was good. But the warning signs were there. Banks were lending money wildly – to startup businesses, to real estate developers, and to individuals who wanted to buy homes and cars; stock brokerage firms were loaning money to people so they could invest in the Stock Market, and companies that were selling that stock were selling more than their companies were worth. Lots of risks were being taken with no government regulations to curtail them. It was a time of â€Å"do whatever you want.† Unfortunately, that behavior cannot last forever and the cracks began to appear in the summer of 1929. They soon became trenches and, in October of that year, the Stock Market crashed. That was followed by â€Å"runs† on the banks, as people tried to get their money out. The banks did not have the money – they had lent it all out. Banks failed. Companies went bankrupt, and people lost their jobs. So, if you need to write an essay on any of these causes, you can easily compare them t o the â€Å"crash† of 2008 and then explain why were able to avert a depression this time around. The Effects of the Great Depression Many of the effects were outlined for you above – high unemployment, loss of life savings, home foreclosures, and so on. Enter Franklin Roosevelt The short-term effects of the Great Depression were devastating, and in 1932 the country changed course and elected a Democrat to the White House, giving control of Congress to the Democrats as well. Thus began a series of programs, new laws and regulations, and controls on lending institutions that were designed to prevent this from every happening again. And most of those regulations and laws are still in effect today. But monied people and financial institutions have a way of finding methods to â€Å"skirt† the regs, and that is why it all came crashing down again. Essay Topics There are so many possibilities. You can look at a single cause, a single effect; you can look at how society coped; you can look at the fights in Congress as each new relief bill or program was introduced. And, even more interesting, you can compare the causes and effects of the Great Depression with the financial crisis of 2008. The Great Depression was a â€Å"dark† but fascinating piece of American history. We need to study it a bit more as we still seek solutions.

The Vietnam War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

The Vietnam War - Essay Example It was an expensive war in terms of men, material, and armaments, with consequent long-lasting damage to the environment due to the use of defoliants to deprive the enemy of forest cover which was well-suited in guerrilla war. This was the only war that America lost. This paper is a re-examination of perhaps one of the reasons why America lost in Vietnam due to the ROE and grossly inflated body counts (Moss, 2010, p. 383). Discussion The Cold War started during the term of Pres. Dwight Eisenhower as a competition of two contrasting ideologies – democracy (and capitalism) against communism (and central planning). American involvement in Vietnam was initially kept secret and utilized military advisers without any direct fighting by American soldiers. However, things soon got out of hand and escalated to the point that thousands of American soldiers were eventually involved and fighting a war many had thought is not America's war but a war between the Vietnamese people themselves . Former Pres. John F. Kennedy was against direct American involvement, but when his successor, Lyndon B. Johnson, became the president, the full-scale war began. Assumptions – one of the most controversial aspects of the Vietnam War was a concept known as rules of engagement (ROE). This particular set of rules placed several constraints on many soldiers fighting the enemy; it is like fighting a boxing match with one hand tied behind the back. In essence, the ROE required American soldiers to observe rules of conduct when fighting in order to comply with international humanitarian laws pertaining to combat. This includes the idea of avoiding collateral damage or, in plain language, civilian casualties. When this is enforced, it is a difficult job of fighting the Vietcong because these guerrilla warriors hide among the people. It frustrated a lot of American soldiers that they cannot go after their enemy hiding in the populace. Individual soldier (infantry in the field) â€⠀œ the ROE prevents him from pursuing enemies in the heat of battle, enemies who retreat and hide in the village. This was one source of great frustration in which an enemy could have been neutralized or captured but the ROE does not allow it. This same enemy survives for another day and could possibly be able to kill him tomorrow. The ROE put unnecessary limits when prosecuting a war that was unconventional in its nature. Battalion commander – his primary concern is carrying out his orders, which are almost always mission-specific in terms of objectives – for example, attacking an identified enemy area. This ROE ensured that discipline is always maintained despite the chaos on the battleground and kept in touch with the higher-ups in the chain of command. ROE focused the battalion commander on his mission order and nothing more than that; there was hardly any room for discretion. Division commander – the ROE reminded the commander of the larger objectives of it s war in Vietnam, especially of the political aspects of the effect of warfare on the local populace. It put him on the defensive at times, because the Vietnamese people could be offended. Gen. William Westmoreland – as the direct overall commander of the entire theater of a war, it was incumbent on him to ensure victory. However, despite superiority in war materials, it was a war that was bound to be lost,

The Red Scare and The Second Red Scare Research Paper

The Red Scare and The Second Red Scare - Research Paper Example The first Red Scare The first main manifestation of strong anti-communism in the US occurred in 1919 and 1920 following the 1917 Bolshevick Revolution in Russia. It also came as a result of strong patriotic years of the First World War in which social agitation and left-wing political violence worsened the national political and social tensions. According to Murray (1971), the Red Scare can be described as a nation-wide anti-radical hysterical which was triggered by increasing anxiety and fear that the Bolshevick revolution was going to occur in America. This revolution was to change home, marriage, Church, civility and the American way of life1. During this time, newspapers increased the existing political fears into xenophobia because different radical anarchism was seen as the answers to poverty. At the same time the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) had supported many labor strikes in the period of 1916-1917. The press portrayed this as a radical threat which was inspired by the left-wing to work against the American society. However, this was a misinterpretation of the legitimate labor strikes by the press as plots to establish communism, crimes against society and crimes against the society2. In 1919, a plan to mail 36 bombs to popular members of the US economic and political establishment and immigration officers was discovered by the authorities. On 2nd June 1919, eight bombs exploded simultaneously in eight cities and the house of the Alexander Mitchell Palmer, the US Attorney General in Washington DC was one of the targets. Twelve famous lawyers and Felix Frankfurter, a Justice in the Supreme Court, criticized Palmer raids as unconstitutionally illegal3. Felix Frankfurter published a report concerning the US Department of Justice and the illegal practices in it. The report documented the violation of the 4th, 5th, 6th and 8th Amendments to the US constitution through the wanton violence and illegal acts which he states as Palmer-authorized. Palmer responded defensively by warning that left-wing revolution that was government-deposing would begin on 1st May, 1920. However, it failed to take place denoting that there was a shift in public opinion concerning communism. There were legal criticisms against Palmer’s claims for example that less than 600 deportations out of the thousands of resident foreigners were substantiated with evidence. The resident foreigners had been illegally arrested and deported back to their home countries. As a result to the shift in public opinion during first the Red Scare, left-wing and communist organizations for example the Communist Party USA (CPUSA) and the IWW lost many members. During the first Red Scare period, the ‘criminal syndicalism’ laws were enacted by many US states4. These laws outlawed the campaign for violence in as a tool for affecting and achieving social change. The passage of the ‘criminal syndicalism’ laws triggered aggressive police investigat ions of individuals accused of advocating for such type of violence, their arrest and deportation. The individuals were being arrested and deported because they were suspected to be either communist or left-wing members. The wave of arrests, trials and deportation by the government became the characteristic events of the first Red Scare. The second Red Scare

Background Information Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Background Information - Essay Example ortfolio Strategy group develops a â€Å"Monthly Lead List† which is used by marketing department for the purpose of identification of customers that are part of our portfolio. The list undergoes strict quality checks by an independent Quality Control Analyst, who validates the data by utilizing critical business logic and by using QC results tab for result presentation. The US Bank’s Data Management and Analytics group prepares the Month-end-marketing Metrics, which is also utilized by the marketing department to develop a report that provides guidance regarding marketing sales goals, actual and budgeted costs of marketing, cost per application, cost per lead and the associated variances. Interaction with legal and compliance department for approval of the marketing material that is under development for the purpose of compliance to relevant laws is also carried out by marketing department. During the period before June 1, 2014 approvals for marketing material was only sought from the legal department, but now the marketing department utilizes US Bank’s â€Å"ticket management system† for this purpose. So, now marketing material is approved by compliance department after it has been approved by the legal department. Based on audit, the rating for Marketing review and Portfolio strategy has been labeled â€Å"Effective†. Policy and procedures related to quality control process for marketing lead list have been prepared and released by the Business unit. Whether adequate Quality Control was implemented by the independent analyst or not, could not be ascertained, since supporting documents were insufficient to support the analyst’s position. The team is in the process of implementing control measures which is an indication that they are aware of the prevailing

Odysseus story Essay Example for Free

Odysseus story Essay SOME ARE monsters, some are slaves, some are beautiful and cunning women and some are powerful kings. In Homeric literature, a character is either good or bad depending on their xenia or shape (e.g. Charybdis). However, from reading The Odyssey, one can see the admirable characters and the not so admirable characters. Such characters have either good or bad xenia, old or young, male or female, some can be a menial as a slave (such as Eumaeus) and some can be as great as a Troy hero and king (such as Nestor). This is an exploration of whether or not Eumaeus is the most admirable character in The Odyssey or not. We first meet Odysseus swineherd in Book Fourteen in the porch of his hut. He had been caring for Odysseus property during his absence. Odysseus appears to him as a beggar and despite the status that such person has, Eumaeus being but a servant understands xenia and entertains Odysseus by preparing a feast for him.  In Book Fourteen, Eumaeus grieves not only for the loss of Odysseus but also for Telemachus who had gone to find his father. It is clear from Book Sixteen, that Eumaeus loves Telemachus like a father loves a son as when he returns he drops everything and kisses Telemachus and cries with pleasure of his safe return to Ithaca. He shows respect for his masters in Book Fourteen, another admirable trait, when he says to the disguised Odysseus that servants cant give admirable gifts when they work in fear of their overpowering masters. This shows that Eumaeus understands his place an Odysseus and Telemachus both recognise this and treat Eumaeus with great respect. One could argue that Homer created Eumaeus as the most admirable character as there is a not in Book Fourteen that claims that Homer loved his created character and sometimes the literature speaks directly to Eumaeus.  After Eumaeus prayer that Odysseus may return, Odysseus feels that it is right that he should reveal his scar and prove that he is with them. The text says that Eumaeus is overwhelmed to see his master again and is weeping and kissing him so much, that if Odysseus hadnt stopped them, it would have gone on all day and all night! This shows a great and respecting love for the King of Ithaca. Eumaeus speaks out, bravely (or foolishly some could argue) against the Suitors. This shows bravery in his character as well as loyalty and love. He is truly characterised as a noble and respectable person. He also helps in the execution of the maidservants and the mutilation of Melanthius.  All of the above describe how admirable Eumaeus is and there is not a point in the text when he is not admirable, loving, kind or brave. However, there are other admirable characters in The Odyssey. I would argue that King Nestor of Pylos, a hero against Troy with Odysseus, is an admirable character in The Odyssey. He is a very generous host and actually is so generous and so loyal to xenia that in Book Fifteen, Telemachus pleads with Nestors son, Peisistratus (Telemachus Patroclus type character) to not let him see Telemachus, as he will keep him against his will with his passion for hospitality! Some could argue that this in its self is an abuse of xenia. Nestor also stops Telemachus from sleeping on his hollowed ship and says that he should sleep in the palace. This shows true loyalty to xenia. Before this however, Nestor believes that Telemachus even looks like Odysseus and tells Telemachus of his faith in him. This shows a caring for his friends family. Nestor is even kind enough to let his son act as a friend and guardian to Telemachus on his journeys.  Nestors character is one of great caring and compassion and he looks out for Telemachus as a father would look out for a son and I think that this is a truly admirable trait of King Nestor. Another admirable character is Antinous and Aretes daughter, Nausicaa, princess of Phaeacia. She meets Odysseus when he has been washed up on the shore of the island and is wearing no more than a fig leaf over his genitalia. Anyone would have thought him mad or overly promiscuous, however, despite her first impressions, the young woman hears of Odysseus story and shows pity on the great man in his miserable state. She orders her ladies to bathe him and even tells him how to get into the city and speak with her father, Antinous through his wife Arete). With all this guidance she shows mercy on a man in a state where others would have either ran or jeered at him. This shows a merciful character in Nausicaa and for such a young girl she has an understanding of xenia. She falls in love with Odysseus and she is even offered by Antinous as a wife for Odysseus, but Odysseus is having none of it and just wants his presents and one of their good ships to go home in.  Nausicaa demonstrates mercy on Odysseus in the only time we see him as being so disparate and needy for help. The only time when he loses face and the only time really when all he has are his articulate words to help him out of situation. This shows that Nausicaa probably knew that Odysseus was a great man and that his state would have de-motivated him so the very fact that she shows such compassion towards him shows that she sympathises with his situation. This I believe is a very admirable thing to do and shows great intelligence for someone so young. Therefore, Eumaeus is one of the most admirable but not the most. Nestor and Nausicaa, both explored above are equally as admirable but in slightly different ways. Eumaeus admiralty comes from his loyalty to Odysseus and his want to defend his right to be loyal. Nestor is admirable for his hospitality and the way he speaks of Odysseus and the help that he gives to Telemachus on his journey to track down his father. Lastly, Nausicaa is admirable as she is able to trust a man that others would have thought bonkers. He appears to her naked and she accepts his honesty and mercifully helps him due to his articulate speech. Homer has truly created some of the greatest characters in the world of literature and these good and admirable persons are part of the huge enjoyment one has when one reads his Odyssey.